ABSTRACT This study evaluated lairage time effects on carcass and meat quality traits of Hereford steers. Thirty Hereford steers fed on pasture were assigned to two treatments according to lairage time: 3 h (n = 15) and 12 h (n = 15). Individual temperament was assessed using crush score and flight speed. pH decline, glycogen content, meat color, and shear force were measured. pH was not different between treatments at any time point, showing a normal decline rate. Meat color and shear force did not differ between treatments, but muscle glycogen was lower in treatment with 3 h, not enough to affect quality but suggesting a higher level of stress in 3 h lairage time. Temperament did not have any impact on carcass and meat quality traits. No differences were found in pH, color, and tenderness between treatments, but the lower muscle glycogen concentrations for the shorter lairage suggest a higher risk regarding meat quality.

RESUMO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do enriquecimento ambiental no tempo despendido na expressão de comportamentos anormais, autolimpeza e inatividade por coelhas mantidas em gaiolas convencionais. O estudo foi realizado no setor de cunicultura da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV-UNESP), campus Jaboticabal-SP. Dezessete fêmeas multíparas da raça Nova Zelândia foram observadas antes e após o oferecimento do enriquecimento. Três espécies de forrageiras foram utilizadas como enriquecimento ambiental: cana de açúcar ( Saccharum officinarum sp.), amora ( Morus alba ) e rami ( Boehmeria nivea ). As observações foram realizadas de forma direta com registro instantâneo (com intervalos amostrais de 2 minutos) e amostragem por animal focal, sendo conduzidas em duas etapas (antes e depois da introdução do enriquecimento), com quatro períodos de observação para cada etapa, dois pela manhã (06h00min às 09h30min) e dois pela tarde (15h00min às 18h00min). As seguintes categorias comportamentais foram observadas: inatividade (I), autolimpeza (AL), comportamentos anormais (CA), consumo de ração (CR), consumo de forragem (CF) e outras atividades (OA), sendo registrado o tempo médio despendido pelos animais em cada uma dessas categorias, antes e após a oferta do enriquecimento ambiental. O teste de Wilcoxon foi usado para realizar as comparações do tempo médio antes e após o enriquecimento. Os animais utilizaram o enriquecimento ambiental em ambos os períodos do dia, sendo que a oferta de forragem reduziu significativamente (P<0,05) o tempo médio despendido de CA e AL no período da manhã e de I (P<0,05) no período da tarde. Concluiu-se que o oferecimento de forragem como enriquecimento ambiental melhora o bem-estar decoelhos mantidos em gaiolas, como caracterizado pela redução do tempo despendido na expressão de comportamentos anormais, de autolimpeza e em inatividade.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of environmental enrichment with forage (as extra food) on the time spent in inactivity and expressing self-cleaning and abnormal behaviors by rabbits kept in cages. The study was conducted in 17 New Zealand multiparous females at the rabbit facilities in Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV-UNESP). Three species of forages were offered simultaneously as environmental enrichment, sugar cane ( Saccharum officinarum sp.), mulberry ( Morus alba ) and ramie ( Boehmeria nivea ). Behavioral observations were carried out before and after enriching the environment; this was done in four observational periods for each condition, two in the morning (from 06h00min to 09h30min) and two in the afternoon (from 15h00min to 18h00min). Rabbits' behaviors where recorded by direct observation with instantaneous records (with 2min sampling interval) and using animal focal sampling. The time spent in six behavioral categories (I = inactivity, SC = self-cleaning, AB = abnormal behaviors, CI = concentrate and FI = forage ingestion, and OA = other activities) were recorded before and after adding the environmental enrichment. Data were compared using Wilcoxon test. Animals used the environmental enrichment in both periods of the day, and it reduced significantly (P<0.05) the time spent in AB and SC in the morning and I in the afternoon. We concluded that offering forage as environmental enrichment improves the welfare of rabbits kept in cages, as shown by the reduction in the time spent by them showing self-cleaning, abnormal and inactive behaviors.